Dear Church Translation Department,
More than an open letter, this is a note. After all, I only have a few things to say.
Let me begin by saying "thank you." It’s wonderful that you provide the wide range of foreign-language resources that you do. I’ve just spent a year living in Latin America, and I can assure you that the Saints there are grateful for the Spanish-language materials you produce. Many Latin American Saints seem to have an unfortunate and unjustified feeling of inferiority in comparison with North American Saints. Imagine how much worse that feeling would be if church materials didn’t exist in their native language!
Actually, we don’t have to imagine that. There are a lot of Saints in Latin America who don’t have reasonable access to church materials in their native languages. I’m speaking here of the many people who are native speakers of indigenous American languages. For example, Quechua, Aymara, and Guarani speakers don’t usually get to read the Book of Mormon or the Liahona in their native languages. Instead, they have to read in Spanish.
For a lot of these people, that isn’t too much of a problem. After all, many are fluent in Spanish. But many are not, and some speak little or no Spanish. Furthermore, that’s not really the point, is it? If we could provide materials in these people’s native languages, that would be a sign of inclusion and acceptance. Conversely, the current situation sends a message that native speakers of indigenous American languages are second-class Saints.
I’m sure there are reasons why materials either don’t exist or are not widely distributed in these languages. Some are traditionally verbal, rather than written, languages. However, they can typically be written in Spanish. Alternatively, the church has been known to produce audio cassettes from time to time. A second problem might be that there aren’t too many members of the church who speak these languages. However, there aren’t too many members of the church who speak some of the Asian and Eastern European languages in which you do provide materials. So this is obviously not a definitive obstacle. A third possibility is that this would just be too expensive. Well, I think the Saints are generous enough that they would fund an expansion of the translation department–if they were asked to do so.
So, please, consider providing these folks with church materials in their native languages. I know you care about them, and this would be a wonderful way to show it!
Now, a second point. Your translations into Spanish are great in so many ways! You provide Spanish-language versions of a huge variety of different materials, and they’re cheap enough that many (although unfortunately far from all) of the Saints in impoverished Latin American countries can afford to purchase them. That’s great!
But, would you mind making your translations a little less, um, literal? I’m sure you know about the problem of false cognates, but in case you’ve forgotten, here’s a quick reminder. A false cognate is a situation in which a word in one language sounds a lot like a word in another language–but the two words have quite different meanings. A lot of the time, your translations into Spanish are so literal that they end up using false cognates and distorting the message of the text.
Let me give an example of a false cognate that has been showing up a lot in your translations. In English, the word "violate" means something like "break" or "disobey." In Spanish, "violar" means rape. So "violate" and "violar" really don’t mean the same thing! But, dear translation department, you often use "violar" to translate "violate."
Let’s consider this year’s priesthood and Relief Society manual as an example. Forms of the word "violate" show up three times: twice on page 131 and once on page 159. All three of these usages are translated into Spanish using forms of the word "violar": twice on page 144 and once on page 175. So, the Spanish text ends up talking about men who decide to rape their temple covenants, and people who rape moral and social laws. This is certainly vivid imagery, but I don’t think it’s what President McKay had in mind in these quotes. So, please remember that "violar" doesn’t mean "violate." A much better, although somewhat less literal, translation would be "quebrantar."
A second, somewhat different bad choice in that manual was the description of McKay, in the "Life and Ministry" section at the beginning of the book, as having been "venerado" by members of the church. In the English manual, this description uses the word "revered," which might be interpreted as healthy admiration but which carries a somewhat dubious overtone of idolatrous worship. In Spanish, "venerar" takes the idolatrous worship aspect front and center. "Venerar" is the word used in Latin Catholicism to describe lighting a candle to or praying to a saint. Do we really want to claim that people light candles to McKay? Or pray to McKay? If not, could we choose a different word in situations like this from now on? How about "amado," which just means "loved" with no intimation of idolatry?
In closing, I want to thank you once again for the great work that you do, translation department. Please take my requests in the spirit in which they’re given: a couple of ways your work could be even better.
Thanks,
Brother RoastedTomatoes


Great thoughts, only one comment. ‘Violar’ can also mean to break the law and in fact is quite often used that way, a couple of examples being:
From El Pais in Madrid regarding the Armstrong doping scandal:
“El estadounidense ha acusado a las autoridades del laboratorio de París que las procesó de violar el código de ética de la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (AMA) al darle los resultados a un periódico. ”
From Pagina/12, regarding a law prohibiting the sale of booze to minors:
“…la Secretaría de Gobierno y Control Comunal de la Ciudad clausuró siete negocios y labró más de 30 actas de infracción a comercios de los barrios de Palermo y Almagro por violar la ley que prohíbe la venta de alcohol a menores de edad.”
RT: who does these translations? It doesn’t sound like native speakers are in charge.
How is the latest Spanish hymnal? How does it compare to the early 1990s version?
Jack, you’re right: violar means both to rape and to break the law. The translation obviously invokes the second meaning. Technically speaking, this isn’t a false cognate; it’s a problem of polysemy, in which a word has the desired meaning but also another powerful (undesired) meaning.
I would point out that, in the four dictionaries I just looked at, “rape” is always the first meaning of “violar.” Furthermore, one usage dictionary points out that, in some Latin American countries, “violar” is never used for anything but “rape.” Given the wide availability of non-rape-related translations of “violate,” I think my basic complaint on this point still stands, at least more or less.
RT:
Agreed.
Glad to hear you and SV are back and get to miss out on the beauties of summer in BA.
(For some reason this part dropped off my last reply)
Your point about the dictionaries is interesting. I looked in a Spanish-English dictionary I’ve got and rape showed up as the primary, but my Larousse Spanish dictionary and the internet dictionary at ‘diccionarios.com’; both have as the primary meaning of violar ‘infringir, quebrantar una ley’with rape being the secondary definition.
I don’t know if that’s because rape is the definition most English speakers are exposed to, it’s the most common usage in “real life” or what.
Jack, a good analogy might be the temptation to translate “molestar” in Spanish as “molest” in English. “Molest” does have the meanings associated with “bother” or “annoy” that you want–but it also has an important meaning associated with sexual crime. So you would probably not want to use it as a translation in most circumstances…
Justin, I tried to find out who does the translations. For major projects such as the scriptures, they seem to be done by a team of native speakers with an English speaker in SLC as the head of the project. However, I also found confusing references to computerized translation, which I speculate may be used for less central projects such as priesthood/Relief Society manuals and magazines. See the information here.
With respect to the hymnal, the translation seems to be pretty good.
Don’t underestimte the marked differences between Spanish from Spain and from Latin America (and then of course the variations across countries and cultures in Latin America). The quote Capt. Jack used was from El Pais and may very well reflect the notion that in Spain violar still conveys a primarily legalistic meaning.
Just email Ronan if you have questions about how this same type of situation plays out between English and American English. After all, if you go around telling people you like to fool around under the bonnet, it just doesn’t garner the same respect as letting people know you are a hood-jock.
John, would that mean that we should have different Spanish translations for different countries? I would see that as a reasonable possibility.
John:
There are differences between Spain and Latin America, which is why I included a quote from an Argentine newspaper.
I wonder if a bigger problem than the colloquialism of Spanish is the relative educational level of Church members. I’ve traveled and worked extensively in Latin America, my wife is Chilean, and my mother is Argentine. I have to confess I’ve almost never run into a problem with the verb ‘molestar’ being misunderstood as ‘molest’ rather than ‘bother’, same thing with ‘violar’. Everyone, or most nearly everyone, I’ve come in contact with was able to understand the desired meaning through its context.
I’ve actually seen more giggles/embarassment when reading the Book of Mormon and coming to the verse that says Abinadi was scourged by ‘faggots’.
I’m not saying the translation folks shouldn’t try and keep people with limited education in mind; I’m not sure what the answer is.
Maybe using country specific translations, although that would cost much more than they spend now on printing and distribution.
I’ve also seen a real tendency on the part of missionaries and those who learned Spanish on missions to be very ‘touchy’ about words that have sexual connotations in addition to their other understood meanings. (I’m not saying you’re that way, RT; you have much more real world experience in the region than the typical RM.)
I agree with the Captain…I’m confident that latin american mormons can pick up the intended meaning of “violar” through context. For the same reason, I don’t get confused by “When all that was promised, the Saints will be given, And none will molest them from morn until ev’n.”
I’d be a little more concerned about your “venerado” example, because there it seems like it would be possible to misunderstand something that we really don’t want misunderstood.
Fair enough. The “violar” case was actually just one example. One thing that would, of course, help a lot with all of this would be some decentralization of the process of creating materials.
re: Who translates. In almost all cases, native speakers are the only one’s allowed to translate church materials. For live broadcasts, this policy is somewhat relaxed; but last time I checked; _all_ spanish translation was done by native speakers.
SIMPLE OBSERVACION - VIOLAR SIGNIFICA TAMBIEN TO DESECRATE (EN INGLES) . NOSOTROS LOS HISPANO PARLANTES ENTENDEMOS MUY BIEN EL SIGNIFICADO DE LA PALABRA VIOLAR EN EL SENTIDO DE QUEBRAR ‘LEYES’ O ‘ALGO SAGRADO.’
GRACIAS
Julio, thanks for your input. I’ve heard this cause confusion in one Sunday School class, so I know it can be a problem–but it obviously isn’t always.
I agree that the translations used are quite literal, and because of that they might be a bit better suited for those with education than for the many in Latin America who are not. But the same is probably true of most material (church and non-church) translated into Spanish. From what I saw, the quality was quite good.
And I must say I was quite impressed with the Spanish hymnbook (except for the fact that the church should incorporate non-U.S. music, but that’s another topic). That they could get the meaning of a hymn across so well and still make everything rhyme is amazing to me.
And I agree that it would best not to use the verb violar to refer to violating. Yes, most people will understand. The analogy of molest/molestar is apropos. If we were reading something that used “molest” to mean “bother,” we’d probably understand it (like we do in the phrase “they continued on their way unmolested”), but that doesn’t mean a different verb wouldn’t be better.
As far as producing material in non-Spanish languages for Latin America, I can understand why it’s not a high priority. I remember visiting a Peruvian city a few years ago where the dominant language was Quechua — but I didn’t see a single sign or restaurant menu or anything else in Quechua. The fact is that anyone there who can read can probably read in Spanish. Audio materials in Quechua would make more sense. I don’t know how typical this situation is with other non-Spanish languages.
If I were the one in charge (and it’s probably good I’m not), I’d rather see more emphasis in Latin America on strengthening the current members than proseltytizing at this point. From what I saw, at least in Ecuador earlier this year, outside of the priesthood leadership church is largely a female affair. We attended church twice, and in both cases there were about twice as many women as men. I hope I don’t sound sexist saying this, but I don’t see that as boding well for the church.
Eric, for better or for worse, I think you’re right about the relative importance of proselytizing versus institutional strengthening of the church in Latin America. We’ve actually talked about this a couple of times before on this site–although I don’t currently have the time to track down links. But I think it’s really pretty important for us to ask ourselves whether it’s really worthwhile to baptize people into our community and then just immediately write them off, as we so often do in Latin America. I worry that this shows an immoral lack of concern for many of the members of our community.
Eric G,
About the Quechua thing–we found during our time in Peru this last year that indeed, most literate Quechua speakers read Spanish. In fact, the only written form of Quechua is a transliterative form, and hardly anyone uses it. The church has produced a scripture transliteration, though I’m not sure it’s published it for wide distribution.
In any case, the trick is that especially in the highlands where most of the Quechua speakers live, the wards are full of people who speak little or no Spanish and cannot read at all. Therefore, Quechua-speaking members have no access to the scriptures, much less any other church publications.
My mother-in-law and I discussed putting together a project in which Quechua-speaking BYU students recorded the transliterative Quechua version of the scriptures for distribution in the Cusco area. We planned to do some fund-raising to pay for CD copies, and distribute them with battery-powered CD players, but after an initial warm response from the local stake president, we were kind of blown off by the people in the region who would have had to agree to do a needs assessment (how many member families needed the service?) and distribute the goods. The project died on the vine, though I’m hoping that we can try again when I’m next in Peru for any length of time.
I’m posting this story in case some independently wealthy person with a lot of time on his or her hands miraculously reads our humble blog, and decides to make an audio Quechua Book of Mormon into a life’s work. (It could happen).
The audio version of the Book of Mormon sounds like a great idea.
I am a Portuguese translator and would like to know the e-mail address to send my resume.
Best regards,
Enny
One major improvement made in recent versions of the Spanish hymnal is the re-working of the lyrics to incorporate the principle of “sinalefa”, or the tying of the final vowel of one word and the initial vowel of the following word into a single syllable. This is the norm for setting words to music in Spanish. Early editions, though very ably translated mostly by Eduardo Balderas, often did not observe this principle.
I also agree with the overall view that “violar” is not a major problem, though there are alternatives. However, “venerar” for “revere” does carry heavy Catholic baggage.
Alan
30-year translator
Alan, interesting information. I had noticed that in our Spanish-language hymnbook, though I wouldn’t have known what it was. I’ve always liked it.
Leggo ed imparo sul vostro luogo. grazie!